How does the judicial branch of the U.S government work?

Please list the 4 components of judicial review. which case established this power of the supreme court? in what significant way does the judicial review run counter to democracy theory? How could a judiciary possessing such an overwhelming power still be considered the weakest of the three branches of the government? Finally, in the spirit of checks and balances, how can the power of the judicial review be countered by the people, and/ or by their elected representatives?